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Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Petroleum-Derived Contaminants in the Environment

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  • Syed Masroor Hassan Rizvi
Syed Masroor Hassan Rizvi
Production Chemistry, Karachi University, SLB company
Published in : International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) , Vol. 12 No. 06 (2024)

Published 2024-06-03

Keywords

  • Environmental matrices, NMR spectroscopy, Synchrotron radiation, GC×GC, FT-ICR MS, Environmental impact assessment

Copyright (c) 2024 Syed Masroor Hassan Rizvu

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

The characterization of petroleum-derived contaminants in the environment is crucial for understanding their impact on ecosystems and human health. Traditional analytical techniques such as Gas Chromatography (GC), Mass Spectrometry (MS), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) have been instrumental in identifying and quantifying these contaminants. However, the complexity and diversity of petroleum-derived compounds necessitate the development and application of advanced analytical techniques for more comprehensive analysis. This paper reviews the most cutting-edge methods currently employed in environmental analysis, including Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC), Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, and Synchrotron Radiation-Based Techniques such as X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), as well as Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Each technique's principles, capabilities, and applications are discussed, highlighting their roles in detecting and characterizing hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Case studies demonstrate the practical applications of these advanced techniques in real-world scenarios, such as oil spill analysis and the identification of complex contaminant mixtures. The paper also addresses the advantages and limitations of these advanced techniques, considering factors like sensitivity, selectivity, complexity, and cost. Finally, future directions and emerging technologies, including nanotechnology, biosensors, and machine learning, are explored for their potential to enhance environmental monitoring and remediation efforts. This comprehensive review underscores the importance of continued innovation in analytical methods to effectively address the challenges posed by petroleum-derived contaminants in the environment.

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