VIJ Digital library
Articles

Evaluating Ecological Suitability and Carrying Capacity for Budo's Mangrove Ecosystem: Unveiling Ecotourism Potential and Limits

Dannie Oroh
1Manado State Polytechnic, Tourism Department Buha Str., 95252, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Bio
Tommy Kontu
1Manado State Polytechnic, Tourism Department Buha Str., 95252, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Bio
Oktavianus Lintong
1Manado State Polytechnic, Tourism Department Buha Str., 95252, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Bio

Submission to VIJ 2024-02-15

Keywords

  • mangrove ecological suitability,
  • carrying capacity analysis,
  • Budo mangrove,
  • mangrove restoration

Abstract

Budo Village in North Sulawesi stands out as one of the top 50 recipients of the prestigious 2022 Indonesian Tourism Village Award. Notably, Budo is a popular tourist destination with a thriving mangrove area on Minahasa's northern peninsula. The Budo mangrove area has been designated as a tourist attraction since 1994 and garnered increased recognition in 2017, thanks to active promotional efforts aimed at coastal tourist destinations. Surprisingly, despite its transformation into a tourist destination, research has yet to be undertaken to assess the ecological suitability of mangroves in this context or determine the carrying capacity of the mangrove area. This study seeks to delve into the ecological suitability of Budo's mangrove ecological resources and investigate the carrying capacity of the area as a tourist destination. The results of this analysis categorize the Budo mangrove tourist destination as 'unsuitable,' as indicated by an IKW score of 1.5. Consequently, a comprehensive restoration approach is required to render this mangrove area suitable and viable for tourism. Mangrove restoration initiatives, coupled with more stringent adherence to ecotourism principles in the Budo mangrove area, along with considerations for its carrying capacity, could serve as vital steps towards achieving this objective.

References

  1. Arifanti VB, Novita N, Subarno, Tosiani A. Mangrove deforestation and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci [Internet]. 2021 Oct 1;874(1):012006. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/874/1/012006
  2. Marbun A, Rumengan AP, Schaduw JNW, Paruntu CP, Angmalisang PA, Manopo VE. Analisis Stok Karabon pada Sedimen Mangrove di Desa Baturapa Kecamatan Lolak Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondouw. Jurnal Pesisir dan Laut Tropis [Internet]. 2020 Jan 15 [cited 2024 Jan 31];8(1):20. Available from: https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/jplt/article/view/27395
  3. Tidore S, Sondak CF, Rumengan AP, Kaligis EY, Ginting EL, Kondoy C. Struktur komunitas hutan mangrove di Desa Budo Kecamatan Wori Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS [Internet]. 2021 Jun 30;9(2):71. Available from: https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/jplt/article/view/35236
  4. Verisandria R, Schaduw J, Sondak C, Ompi M, Rumengan A, Rangan J. Estimasi potensi karbon pada sedimen ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Taman Nasional Bunaken bagian utara. JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS [Internet]. 2018 Jan 1;6(1):81. Available from: https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/jplt/article/view/20567
  5. Purwantari SI, Darwati. Mangrove: Rumah dan Mata Pencaharian. STANDAR: Better Standard Better Living [Internet]. 2023 Jan 31 [cited 2024 Jan 31];2(1):55–8. Available from: https://majalah.bsilhk.menlhk.go.id/index.php/STANDAR/article/view/99
  6. Mutia A. databoks. 2022 [cited 2024 Jan 31]. Total Mangrove Indonesia 20,37% dari Luas Dunia, Sebagian Besar dengan Kondisi Lebat. Available from: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/11/07/total-mangrove-indonesia-2037-dari-luas-dunia-sebagian-besar-dengan-kondisi-lebat
  7. Oktari R. indonesiabaik.id. 2022 [cited 2024 Jan 31]. Mangrove Indonesia yang Amat Berguna | Indonesia Baik. Available from: https://indonesiabaik.id/infografis/mangrove-indonesia-yang-amat-berguna
  8. Namakule U, Melsasail KM. Struktur komunitas mangrove di perairan pantai Desa Sehati Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Jurnal Biologi Udayana [Internet]. 2021 Dec 21;25(2):100. Available from: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/BIO/article/view/66068
  9. Ardiansyah M, Susilowati I. Estimating the conservation value of mangrove forests in Marine Protected Areas: special reference to Karimunjawa waters, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux [Internet]. 2019;12(2). Available from: http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
  10. Rumengan AP, Mantiri DMH, Rompas R, Hutahaean A, Kepel TL, Paruntu CP, et al. Carbon stock assessment of mangrove ecosystem in totok bay, southeast minahasa regency, north sulawesi, indonesia. AACL Bioflux [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2024 Jan 31];11(4):1280–8. Available from: http://www.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2018.1280-1288.pdf
  11. Djamaluddin R. Mangrove - Biologi, Ekologi, Rehabilitasi, dan Konservasi [Internet]. 1st ed. Manado: Unsrat Press; 2018 [cited 2024 Jan 31]. 1–251 p. Available from: https://repo.unsrat.ac.id/2658/
  12. Yulianda F. Ekowisata Perairan Suatu Konsep Kesesuaian dan Daya Dukung Wisata Bahari dan Wisata Air Tawar [Internet]. IPB Press. Bogor: IPB Press; 2019 [cited 2024 Jan 31]. 1–102 p. Available from: http://www.ipbpress.com/product/402-ekowisata-perairan:-suatu-konsep-kesesuaian-dan-daya-dukung-wisata-bahari-dan-wisata-air-tawar
  13. Wardani SH, Rismawan T, Bahri S. Aplikasi Klasifikasi Jenis Tumbuhan Mangrove Berdasarkan Karakteristik Morfologi Menggunakan Metode K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Berbasis Web. Jurnal Coding, Sistem Komputer Untan [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2024 Jan 31];4(3). Available from: https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jcskommipa/article/view/16470
  14. Parmadi EH, Dewiyanti I, Karina S. Indeks nilai penting vegetasi mangrove di Kawasan Kuala Idi, Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kelautan Perikanan Unsyiah [Internet]. 2016 Apr 22 [cited 2024 Jan 31];1(1):82–95. Available from: https://jim.usk.ac.id/fkp/article/view/10
  15. Prihadi DJ, Riyantini I, Ismail MR. Study of biophysical status and resources support marine tourism area of mangrove in Indramayu Karangsong. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci [Internet]. 2018 Jun;162(1):012026. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/162/1/012026
  16. Lintong O, Kepel RC, Djamaluddin R, Lagarense BL, Ngangi ELA, Pangemanan NPL, et al. Community structure of mangroves in Minahasa Peninsula, North Sulawesi, Indonesia 1. AACL Bioflux [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jan 31];16(3):13901400. Available from: http://www.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2023.1390-1400.pdf
  17. Ridwan F. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 2022 [cited 2024 Jan 31]. Mangrove Indonesia untuk dunia – Kanal Komunikasi. Available from: https://kanalkomunikasi.pskl.menlhk.go.id/mangrove-indonesia-untuk-dunia/
  18. Ruru RA, Rumengan AP, Paransa DSJ, Paruntu CP, Bara RA, Rondonuwu AB. Estimation of Carbon Stock in Mangrove Communities in Budo Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency. Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX [Internet]. 2022 Oct 14;11(1):15. Available from: https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/platax/article/view/43629
  19. Abubakar S, Kepel RC, Djamaluddin R, Wahidin N, Mingkid WM, Wantasen AS, et al. Suitability and carrying capacity of mangrove ecosystem for ecotourism in Jailolo Bay, West Halmahera, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux [Internet]. 2022;15(6). Available from: http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
  20. Yulianda F, Admadipoera AS. Daya Dukung dan Rencana Pengelolaan Ekowisata Kawasan Konservasi Laut: model kasus Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu [Internet]. 1st ed. Bogor: IPB Press; 2019 [cited 2024 Jan 31]. 1–82 p. Available from: https://ipbpress.com/product/403-daya-dukung-dan-rencana-pengelolaan-ekowisata-kawasan-konservasi-laut:-model-kasus-taman-nasional-kepulauan-seribu
  21. Winata A, Yuliana E, Hewindati YT, Djatmiko WA. Assessment of Mangrove Carrying Capacity for Ecotourism in Kemujan Island , Karimunjawa National Park , Indonesia. AES Biofux [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Jan 31];12(1). Available from: http://www.aes.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2020.83-96.pdf
  22. Ivanova S. Legal Problems Concerning Implementation of Sustainable Ecotourism in Russia. Problemy Ekorozwoju [Internet]. 2021 Jul 1;16(2):209–16. Available from: https://ph.pollub.pl/index.php/preko/article/view/5185
  23. Lovelock CE, Barbier E, Duarte CM. Tackling the mangrove restoration challenge. Knowlton N, editor. PLoS Biol [Internet]. 2022 Oct 17;20(10):e3001836. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001836
  24. Stewart-Sinclair PJ, Purandare J, Bayraktarov E, Waltham N, Reeves S, Statton J, et al. Blue Restoration – Building Confidence and Overcoming Barriers. Front Mar Sci [Internet]. 2020 Sep 15;7. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.541700/full
  25. Sreeranga S, Takagi H, Shirai R. Community-Based Portable Reefs to Promote Mangrove Vegetation Growth: Bridging between Ecological and Engineering Principles. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021 Jan 12;18(2):590. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/2/590
  26. Debrot AO, Veldhuizen A, van den Burg SWK, Klapwijk CJ, Islam MdN, Alam MdI, et al. Non-Timber Forest Product Livelihood-Focused Interventions in Support of Mangrove Restoration: A Call to Action. Forests [Internet]. 2020 Nov 20;11(11):1224. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/11/1224
  27. Rahman MK, Masud MM, Akhtar R, Hossain MM. Impact of community participation on sustainable development of marine protected areas: Assessment of ecotourism development. International Journal of Tourism Research [Internet]. 2022 Jan 28;24(1):33–43. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jtr.2480
  28. Shusheng X, Jingqian X, Mianrun C. Integrated management improves emerging coastal industries and ecological restoration with the participation of social capital. Front Mar Sci [Internet]. 2023 Jan 4;9. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.1015262/full
  29. Su J, Friess DA, Gasparatos A. A meta-analysis of the ecological and economic outcomes of mangrove restoration. Nat Commun [Internet]. 2021 Aug 19;12(1):5050. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25349-1
  30. Opa ET, Kepel RC, Lasabuda R, Kusen JD, Paruntu CP, Djamaluddin R, et al. Ecological suitability of mangrove tourism in Mantehage island as the outermost small island in north Sulawesi, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Jan 31];14(1). Available from: http://www.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2021.120-129.pdf